What was life like in the south for African Americans after Reconstruction ended in 1877?

In the south after the Reconstruction ended in 1877 African Americans had to deal with a ton of racism they received from White Americans in the South. Small groups began to form known as the Ku Klux Klan and they were groups that were anti-African American. These groups began lynching African Americans in the south because they did not accept the African American community and saw them as animals and bad people. A film released in 1915 named a Birth of a Nation was also released to show the hatred against African Americans. In the film African Americans were shown working in congress and being rude. There were also many stereotypes shown against the African Americans. This showed that even the film industry had shown racism against African Americans. In the south African Americans also had to deal with segregation. African Americans did not really have the same rights as white men . Even though African Americans had rights these rights were not followed by the rest of America. African Americans were segregated in schools and in public places. Again racism was the main problem African Americans had to face because it is what caused the divide between the white and black man. Labor rights was another problem for African Americans because they did not receive labor rights due to owners believing they were still men who worked for free.

JAPANESE- IMMIGRATION PROJECT

Why did each immigrant group come to the United States? Identify the
push and pull factors (Economic/Social Conflict)in your response. When
did each immigrant group come to the United States?

Japanese immigrants originally came into the United States of America in search for peace and prosperity. They over came harsh working conditions and hostile environments. from the beginning 1886-1911 400,000 Americans migrated into The United States territories. The most popular destinations were Hawaii and the Pacific Coast. 

Where did the groups settle, both initially and in subsequent migrations? 

Create a map of the immigration pattern. 

Japanese groups originally first settled into the beautiful island of Hawaii. Hawaii was transformed by Japanese presence as it became one of the first stops for the Japanese. In the 1880s do United States began to see the Japanese. They arrived in many small groups all scattered up and down the Pacific coast, forming small communities with small towns and large cities such as San Francisco's Japan Town. In the 20th century more than 100,000 immigrants entered the United States. 

 How did United States government policies and programs affect 

immigration patterns? (Include this information within the Map for 

question 4).
Organized campaigns had rise to exclude Japanese immigrants from U.S. life portraying the Japanese as the enemies of the American worker. Exclusion Act to protect the U.S. Anti-Japanese legislation quickly followed. In 1908, the Japanese and American governments arrived at what became known as the Gentleman's Agreement. Japan agreed to limit emigration to the U.S. , while the U.S. granted admission to the wives, children, and other relatives of immigrants already resident. Because of this no Japanese longer allowed to enter the country. 

How were the immigrants received by the current citizens of this nation? 

Gather primary source and secondary source documents (documents, 

policies, news articles, films, audio, political cartoons, etc.). The current citizens of the United States disliked Japanese because they felt that they were occupying American jobs. The Japanese did not like the idea that Japanese came in numerous of numbers and began to work for American jobs for a cheap labor. In November 1906 Theodore Roosevelt wrote a letter to go directly to the Secretary Met caff. In the letter he talks about he spoke with the ambassador of Japan and that they decided that they should stop immigration into the United States from the Japanese. The reason was because it could offer protection to the Japanese and they can be safe if they stop coming into the United States. 

How did United States government policies and programs affect 

immigrants' assimilation into the life of the nation? Gather primary source 

and secondary source documents (documents, policies, news articles, films, 

audio, political cartoons, etc.). When the Japanese and American entered World War II there was an affect to Japanese lifestyle. After the attack U.S. security personnel began rounding up and arresting preeminent Japanese Americans as security risks. February of 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which authorized the U.S. military to evacuate any and provide accommodation for them elsewhere. By the end of the war in 1945, 125,000 people, had spent time in what even Roosevelt admitted were concentration camps. 

How did economic conditions impact the immigrants' experience? Gather 

primary source and secondary source documents (documents, policies, 

news articles, films, audio, political cartoons, etc.). 

The Japanese immigrants were economically affected which is the reason why the came into the United States of America. Japan became to industrialize and urbanized. Japanese agriculture declined and many people were left jobless a wages declined also. The Great Depression which began in 1929 may have also affected the Japanese economically be Americans were desiring jobs since they were left jobless. The loss of jobs may had led to Anti-Japanese rising due to Americans wanting Japanese occupied jobs. 

How did cultural heritage affect an immigrant's place of settlement? What 

impact did immigrant cultural traditions have on the United States? Gather 

primary source and secondary source documents (documents, policies, 

news articles, films, audio, political cartoons, etc.). 

The cultural impact that Japan had was that they are a agricultural society before they came into The United States territory. Because of this and because they came from and island they felt comfortable and moved into an island known as Hawaii. Japanese were hired to work on Hawaiian plantations and became the majority population in  1923.  The islands were unprecedented cultural autonomy for Japanese immigrants to the west coast did. They confidently transplanted their traditions to their new home. The newspapers, schools, stores, temples, churches and baseball teams they they founded were the legacy of a community secure of its place in Hawaii, and they became a birthright that was handed down to the generation that followed. 

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis was lived through  May 3, 1849 to May 26, 1914. He was born in Ribe, Denmark and was known as a U.S newspaper reporter, social reformer,and photographer. He shocked the United States by showing he slum conditions in his books, one being How the Other Half Lives in 1890. He was the ted Emancipator of the Slums who who exposed the downside of the United States in the late 19th century. 

Jacob Riis came to the United States at the age of 21, he held various jobs. In 1873 he became a police reporter and was assigned to New York's Lower East Side. He used flash bulb technique photographing to dramatize his lectures and photos in his books. How the Other Half Lives is Riis most famous book. 

When How the Other Half Lives was published it was seen by Theodore Roosevelt, the New York Police Commissioner, and he had the police lodging houses that were in the book closed down. Throughout the next twenty five years Jacob Riis wrote and lectured about the problems on the poor. He was a terror to officials and the government. He exposed them in articles, books, and public speeches. He not only got news but he cared about it. Jacob Riis was a man who hated tryannies, misrery and abuses. 

 

Battle of Little Bighorn: Textbook

The Battle of Little Bighorn was fought on January 25,1876 at Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory. Federal Troops were led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer against the Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Sitting Bull was the holy man who led his people against the resistance of the United States Government. It was Sitting Bull's vision had motivated the natives to fight. Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw the 7th Cavalry's defeat led by Custer.

Before the Battle of Little Bighorn tensions had rise since the Americans discovered gold on Native American lands. It was an accidental discovery of gold on the western border of the Sioux reservation. This was the reason for Americans settling in and wanting Native American lands, because of the gold. The Native Americans believe it was the Americans who started the war because they came into Native American lands and began pushing the Natives out. They moved them out of their land by burning their tipis destroying all their food and belongings and even killing Natives. Kate Bighead a Cheyenne Indian told this story stating that General Custer had Killed Chief Black Kettle and his band.

The Native Americans began to fight back. General Custer had to confront the Native Americans at Little Bighorn, however; he was unaware of how many number of Native Americans were fighting under Sitting Bull's command. Custer and the 7th Cavalry were outnumbered and destroyed by Sitting Bull and his band and this became known as Custer's Last Stand.

Why did Americans pass the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

The Chinese Exclusion act was a United States Federal Law that passed on May 6, 1882. It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States of America. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 removed Chinese immigration for ten years and declared Chinese as unacceptable for naturalization. According to documents A through D in our Chinese Immigration and Exclusion: Graphic Organizer packet many white Americans supported the Chinese Exclusion Act. The reasons why Americans passed the Chinese Exclusion act of 1882 was because Americans believed the Chinese were bringing competition to them as they flourished into the United States and began to occupy all jobs.

In both Document B and D, these documents support the fact that the Chinese were occupying the jobs of other immigrants in the United States. If you take a look at document B a political cartoon by Thomas Nast from 1871 we see an illustration of Columbia defending and comforting a Chinese immigrant from other immigrants such as a gang of Irish and German thugs. He is hated because the Irish and Germans believe the Chinese immigrants are taking their jobs as they enter into the United States. Document D is a passage from Lee Chew's, "The Biography of a Chinaman." In this document the passage states the reasons for why the Chinese immigrants are being hated. Lee Chew states that, "It was the jealously of laboring men of other nationalities---especially the Irish---that raised the outcry against the Chinese." So this shows more proof on why the Exclusion Act was passed, it was passed because the Chinese were occupying other immigrant's jobs.

In document A and C, these documents support the fact that the Chinese immigrants were occupying not just immigrant but white american jobs as well. In document A we have a script from a play called "The Chinese Must Go" published in San Francisco, 1879. In the script their are two main characters Sam Gin and Ak Coy. These two main characters discuss on how they are better then white Americans and they realize they can do a better job, so they plan on taking American jobs. Document C is a speech from a workingmen of San Francisco on August 16, 1888. In this speech he state how rich men have realized they can use the Chinese as cheap labor so they have imported thousands of Chinese immigrants into the country. Now thousands of Chinese immigrants are occupying every single jobs. The workingman list that the Chinese filled mainly all boot, shoe, and cigar industries. The Chinese immigrants also obtained nearly all farming and sewing jobs. So in conclusion, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was passed because Americans believed they were competition and they were taking every job in the United States.

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The Battle Of Fredericksburg December 11- December 15 1862

The Battle of Fredericksburg was a battle fought between December 11 to December 15 1862. It occurred in the East close to the Atlantic Ocean in Fredericksburg, Virginia. This battle was won by the Confederates and remembered as one of the most one sided battles of the American Civil War because the Union casualties were more than twice as much than the Confederates. The Union suffered 12,653 casualties and the Confederates suffered 5,377 casualties. The Union was led by Major General Ambrose E. Burnside and the Confederates were led by General Robert E. Lee. Burnside’s plan was to capture the Confederates at the their Capital in Richmond. Because they had retreated from the Battle of Antietam. However as the Union troops moved forward they met with the Confederates in Fredericksburg as their were waiting Marye’s Heights just west of the city.

 

 

 

 

 

Map of Battle                                                                       Ambrose E. Burnside Union Major General
 Robert E. Lee Confederate General

The Battle of Fredericksburg was a crushing loss to the Union. Burnside had eventually

accepted the defeat but people had blamed Abraham Lincoln to force him to rush into the battle. Burnside had replace Mclellan because Abraham Lincoln though he was not aggressive enough.  This battle was so important because it was the biggest Civil war battle with the most troops brought in estimated around 200,000. This can relate to the reason why Lincoln was encouraged to allow escape and free slaves into the Union Army.